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Religions of the World I: Buddhism

Introduction
Origins:
The Buddha
Dharma:
Basic Teachings
Metaphysics
The Self
Nirvana
The Sangha:
Early History
Theravada
Mahayana
Zen and Other Buddhist Sects in China & Japan
Tibetan Buddhism

Buddhist Terms to Know

A note on language: Buddhism uses both Sanskrit and Pali languages for many of these terms. Some sources will use the Pali, others the Sanskrit. Some terms are more commonly found in Sanskrit, others in Pali. Some sources will mix use of both languages. In addition, Buddhism in China and Japan will often use Chinese and Japanese variations on this terminology. Thus, in various sources you may run across unfamiliar terms which are just different references to the same concepts.

The "Three Refuges" (three Jewels)

Buddha

Siddhartha Gautama

Sakyamuni

Bo (Bodhi) tree

Dharma

Four Noble Truths

Eight-fold Path

Dukkha

Anicca

Anatta

Skanda

Dependant Origination

Nirvana (Pali: Nibbana)

Parinirvana (Pali: Paranibbana)

Sangha

Tripitaka

Sutra (Pali: Sutta)

Pali

Arhant

Bhiksus & Bhikshunis (Monks & Nuns)

 

Theravada

Stupa

Vipassana (Mindfulness Meditation)

Mahayana

Trikaya (Three Buddha Bodies)

Maitreya Buddha

Bodhisattva ("wisdom being")

Sunyata

Buddha Nature

Vajrayana (Tibetan Buddhism)

Tantra

Mantra

Mandala

Mudra

Lama

Dalai Lama

 

Chinese & Japanese Buddhism:

Pure Land Buddhism

Jodo (Honen)

Shin (Shinran)

Amitabha/Amida Buddha

Nembutsu

Ch’an/Zen (Chinese/Japanese)

Zendo

Zazen

Roshi

Koan

Satori

T’ien t’ai/Tendai (Chinese/Japanese)

Shingon

Nichiren

Soka Gakkai

Nichiren Shoshu

Lotus Sutra

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Created by Laura Ellen Shulman 
Last updated: December 2001