5500-6000 years. Before that is prehistory, prehistoric. The most ancient civilizations include Egyptian and Mesopotamian dating from at least 3000 - 3500 BCE

A word about dating: use of BCE and CE for numbering centuries (20th cent. = 1900’s, 6th cent. = 500’s, "6th cent. BCE = ?" [500’s BCE])

Religion: In search of the good life (survival and advancement) through enhanced relationships

Primal/Prehistoric Religion: religions of a people, e.g., caveman, Native American, Australian Aboriginal and African tribal religions - oral traditions.

Archaic (dead) religions: religions of a culture, e.g., Egyptian, Greek, Roman, Mesopotamia, Mayan, Aztec, Inca.

Classic Religions: the major living religions since the "Axis" age 2500 years ago.

Modern Religions: variations of Classic religion, as well as new religions, influenced by changes in society and scientific understanding since the 16th century.

• Primal religion was focused on survival and life. Fertility was a big issue (fertility figures) as was magic (sympathetic magic of cave paintings) to foster good hunting, good harvest and good health. (Religion as a relationship with the environment - earth and animals)

• Archaic religions thrived in large cosmopolitan settings (Greece, Rome, ancient China, etc.) and were focused on maintaining both cosmic and political order. Importance was placed on hierarchy. Kings served as priests responsible for sacrifices which would appease the powers and gods to look favorably upon the society. The issue here was large scale survival - survival and thriving of the society. (Religion as relationship with others - human social system)

• By the time of the development of the Classical religions, basic survival of both individual and society were a given. These religions shift to a focus on advancement (growth and transformation) and spiritual survival and thriving beyond/after this worldly life. This was a concern for positive survival in the afterlife (i.e., heaven rather than hell), for salvation. (Religion as relationship with Higher Power/UR - transcendental)

• Modern religions influence and are influenced by changes in society and human thinking about the world we live in. While the Classical forms of religion were focused on moving us beyond this world, Modern religions are focused on making this world into the one hoped for (a "new heaven and a new earth," the "New Jerusalem"). These religions seek a transformation of self and society here and now. Modern religion looks not so much to the future but envisions that future as a possible and potential now (millennialism).

In a sense, the focus is still on survival: "do something to change the direction things are going or we and the entire earth may perish." Modern religion embodies the prophetic imperative brought on by human behavior seen as potentially destructive to the environment and to the moral fabric of self and society.

Modern religion also encompasses psychological aspects as a way of restoring and enhancing the individual self in this life rather than simply placing hope and faith in the life to come as Classical religion tends to do. (Religion as relationship with self - psychological)

• Each phase of religious development does not supersede the last but, rather, incorporates it. Elements of the older religions are carried over to the newer forms: