• repeat or paraphrase information from textbooks, notes, etc.
• reason to single "correct" solution, perform computations, etc.

(presents basic facts but fails to question the "experts" or offer and support any opinion of one's own)

• identify problem and acknowledge reasons for enduring uncertainty and absence of single "correct" solution
• identify relevant information and uncertainties embedded in the information (may including "stacking up" relevant reasons and evidence to support some solution or conclusion

(presents an opinion of one's own but tends toward biased, one-sided argument, failing to question one's own assumptions or consider alternative perspectives)

• interpret information
• recognize and control for own biases
• articulate assumptions and reasoning associated with alternative points of view
• qualitatively interpret evidence from a variety of points of view
• organize information in meaningful ways to encompass problem complexities

(presents information from variety of perspectives but avoids drawing any conclusions)

• after thorough analysis, develop and use reasonable guidelines for prioritizing factors to consider and choosing among solution options
• communicate appropriately for a given audience and setting

(draws conclusion but fails to account for remaining questions or unknowns that may alter conclusion)

• acknowledge and explain limitations of endorsed solution
• integrate skills in on-going process for generating and using information to monitor strategies and make reasonable modifications

(recognizes continued open-endedness and need for potential future reevaluation of issue under discussion, leaves the reader with something more to think about)